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Two studies were carried out to determine the joint effects of
an-other's stated intentions toward helping a person, and the amount of
help the other actually gives a person, on the reciprocation of help. In
Study I (n = 120) another person stated she intended to either
help, not help, or did not state her intent; this person actually
helped the subject a great deal or very little. The data showed subjects
reciprocated solely on amount of actual help received (p <
.001); however, questionnaire data revealed that when the past helper
stated her intentions, regardless of whether the intent was to help or
not to help, subjects showed less involvement with the situation. It was
hypothesized that knowledge of the past helper's intent threatened the
subject's freedom of choice with regard to reciprocation, which led
subjects to ignore the intent in order to restore their freedom. Study
II (n = 60) was a replication of Study I with the exception
that the helper's intent, while stated, was discovered by subjects in
such a way that they believed the helper unaware of the subject's
knowledge. Both the other person's intent (p < .10) and her actual helping behavior (p
< .001) were related to reciprocation. The results were interpreted
in terms of Brehm's reactance theory, although other potential
explanations were also explored.
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